The City of the Sun 太阳城（1）

G.M. Prithee, now, tell me what happened to you during that voyage?

大头领：目前，请您给我讲一讲您最近这次航海时的奇遇吧。

Capt. I have already told you how I wandered over the whole earth.

船长：我已经告知过您我是怎么周游全球的。

In the course of my journeying I came to Taprobane, and was compelled to go ashore at a place, where through fear of the inhabitants I remained in a wood.

在这次旅行中，我到了塔普罗班纳，而且不得不在那里找了个地方上岸，我由于害怕土著，就躲进了森林。

When I stepped out of this I found myself on a large plain immediately under the equator.

当我从森林中出来后，发现自己到了位于赤道上的一个广阔平原上。

G.M. And what befell you here?

大头领：您在这里又发生了什么事？

Capt. I came upon a large crowd of men and armed women, many of whom did not understand our language, and they conducted me forthwith to the City of the Sun.

船长：我碰到了一大群男人和佩带武器的女人，他们大多都不懂我们的语言。因此，他们就立刻领我到太阳城去。

G.M. Tell me after what plan this city is built and how it is governed.

大头领：请讲一讲这个城是如何建立、如何治理吧。

Capt. The greater part of the city is built upon a high hill, which rises from an extensive plain, but several of its circles extend for some distance beyond the base of the hill, which is of such a size that the diameter of the city is upward of two miles, so that its circumference becomes about seven.

船长：太阳城大部分修建在这个广阔平原的一座高高的小山上；城市四周的部分区域延伸到了山脚之外，使得整个城市的直径差不多超过了两英里，周长则差不多达到了七英里。

On account of the humped shape of the mountain, however, the diameter of the city is really more than if it were built on a plain.

而且，由于整个城市坐落在整个山脊上，看上去似乎比这个平原还要大。

It is divided into seven rings or huge circles named from the seven planets, and the way from one to the other of these is by four streets and through four gates, that look toward the four points of the compass.

太阳城由七个广阔的环带，即七个同心圆的城区构成。城区以七大行星的名字命名。由一个城区到另一个城区，要通过四条街道，穿过各区东南西北所开的四座城门。

Furthermore, it is so built that if the first circle were stormed, it would of necessity entail a double amount of energy to storm the second; still more to storm the third; and in each succeeding case the strength and energy would have to be doubled; so that he who wishes to capture that city must, as it were, storm it seven times.

这样修建的优势在于，如果第一个城区被攻占，要以加倍的兵力才能攻占第二个，攻占第三个城区则要用上四倍的兵力。以此类推，每进攻到下一城区时，所用兵力势必要加倍。因此，无论是谁，要想攻占这个城池，就得进攻七次。

For my own part, however, I think that not even the first wall could be occupied, so thick are the earthworks and so well fortified is it with breastworks, towers, guns, and ditches.

不过，在我看来，由于它四周的围墙是那样厚实，还有那样多的护墙、塔楼、以石球为弹的大炮和沟壕来设防，即便是想占领第一个城区都是不可能的。

When I had been taken through the northern gate (which is shut with an iron door so wrought that it can be raised and let down, and locked in easily and strongly, its projections running into the grooves of the thick posts by a marvellous device), I saw a level space seventy paces[1_1] wide between the first and second walls.

在我从北门被带进去后（门是铁制的，由一种巧妙的装置操作，可以沿着城墙上的槽滑动而升降开合），我看到在第一道城墙至第二道城墙之间，留有宽约七十步[2_1]的空地。

From hence can be seen large palaces, all joined to the wall of the second circuit in such a manner as to appear all one palace.

从这里可以看到许多的宽敞房屋，都与第二个城区的城墙连接在一起，看上去好像是一座完整的大厦。

Arches run on a level with the middle height of the palaces, and are continued round the whole ring.

在与房屋中部相当的高度，围绕第二个城区城墙的是一圈相互连接起来的一些拱架。

There are galleries for promenading upon these arches, which are supported from beneath by thick and well-shaped columns, enclosing arcades like peristyles, or cloisters of an abbey.

拱架绕有可以散步的游廊，游廊下有华美的粗圆柱支持，像列柱廊或修道院拱廊一样围成一圈。

But the palaces have no entrances from below, except on the inner or concave partition, from which one enters directly to the lower parts of the building.

大厦下部没有入口，只能从内墙或即凹墙进入，然后直接到了整个建筑的底层。

The higher parts, however, are reached by flights of marble steps, which lead to galleries for promenading on the inside similar to those on the outside.

而进入大厦大的高层需要通过大理石的阶梯，进入到内廊上与外廊类似的供散步用的游廊上。

From these one enters the higher rooms, which are very beautiful, and have windows on the concave and convex partitions.

通过这些阶梯，可以到达更高层的房间。这些房间超级华美，墙壁的凹凸之处都设有窗台。

These rooms are divided from one another by richly decorated walls.

这些房间由装饰华美的墙壁隔开。

The convex or outer wall of the ring is about eight spans thick; the concave, three; the intermediate walls are one, or perhaps one and a half.

凸墙，即外墙，厚八掌宽，而凹墙厚度不过三掌宽，内墙则薄至一至一个半掌。

Leaving this circle one gets to the second plain, which is nearly three paces narrower than the first.

从这里可以通到比第一个过道约窄三步的、处在两墙之间的下一个过道。

Then the first wall of the second ring is seen adorned above and below with similar galleries for walking, and there is on the inside of it another interior wall enclosing palaces.

从这个过道可以看见第二个城区的第一堵城墙，其上下均建有可供行走的回廊；第二堵城墙修建在其内侧，将整个大厦包围起来。

It has also similar peristyles supported by columns in the lower part, but above are excellent pictures, round the ways into the upper houses.

第二堵墙下半部建有类似的圆柱予以支撑，而其上部则绘有美观的图画，一直通往上层的房屋。

And so on afterward through similar spaces and double walls, enclosing palaces, and adorned with galleries for walking, extending along their outer side, and supported by columns, till the last circuit is reached, the way being still over a level plain.

接下来，通过类似的空地、双层墙、被环绕的大厦（其内墙都围绕着许多房屋并连接着向外支以圆柱的回廊），就可以从一个城区到达下一个城区，直至最后一个城区。路途走起来总是平坦的。

But when the two gates, that is to say, those of the outmost and the inmost walls, have been passed, one mounts by means of steps so formed that an ascent is scarcely discernible, since it proceeds in a slanting direction, and the steps succeed one another at almost imperceptible heights.

但是，在通过两道门后，也就是说，在经过最外侧的墙和和最外侧的墙后，就要爬台阶，不过台阶的坡度不大，高度也小，人走在上面几乎感觉不出来。

On the top of the hill is a rather spacious plain, and in the midst of this there rises a temple built with wondrous art.

山顶上有一个大广场，广场中央矗立着一座神殿，其建筑艺术超级惊人。

G.M. Tell on, I pray you!

大头领：继续，请您继续！

Tell on!

继续！

I am dying to hear more.

我渴望知道更多的情况。

Capt. The temple is built in the form of a circle; it is not girt with walls, but stands upon thick columns, beautifully grouped.

船长：这是一座圆形的神殿，四周没有围墙，而是修建在布局精巧的粗圆柱群上。

A very large dome, built with great care in the centre or pole, contains another small vault as it were rising out of it, and in this is a spiracle, which is right over the altar.

神殿顶上是惊人的技巧修建而成的巨型圆拱。在这个圆拱顶中央，即其最高点，又矗立着一个较小的圆顶，其下的敞口垂直对着地上的祭坛。

There is but one altar in the middle of the temple, and this is hedged round by columns.

在神殿的中央，有一个唯一的祭坛，周围圆柱环绕。

The temple itself is on a space of more than 350 paces.

神殿的周径为三百五十余步。

Without it, arches measuring about eight paces extend from the heads of the columns outward, whence other columns rise about three paces from the thick, strong, and erect wall.

在这之外，许多长约八步的拱从支持的圆柱顶上向外伸展，其他圆柱则从厚重、坚实、直立的墙上向上伸展了大约三步。

Between these and the former columns there are galleries for walking, with beautiful pavements, and in the recess of the wall, which is adorned with numerous large doors, there are immovable seats, placed as it were between the inside columns, supporting the temple.

在这两种圆柱之间，修建有供散步的游廊，并铺设有美观的过道。在城墙向内凹陷的地方修建了无数宽广的大门，在那里摆放着许多固定的长凳，仿佛摆放内柱之间，支持着神殿。

Portable chairs are not wanting, many and well adorned.

装饰美观的可移动椅子比比皆是。

Nothing is seen over the altar but a large globe, upon which the heavenly bodies are painted, and another globe upon which there is a representation of the earth.

祭坛上，只看到一个巨大的球体，上面画着整个天体，在另一个球体上画着整个地球。

Furthermore, in the vault of the dome there can be discerned representations of all the stars of heaven from the first to the sixth magnitude, with their proper names and power to influence terrestrial things marked in three little verses for each.

此外，在主圆顶的拱顶壁上画着从第一至第六星等的星辰：每颗星的上面都有题诗三行，对它们的名字和它们对尘世各种现象所发生的力量进行了说明。

There are the poles and greater and lesser circles according to the right latitude of the place, but these are not perfect because there is no wall below.

神殿壁上也绘有对应相应维度的南北极以及大大小小的地理圈，但没有绘完，由于下面没有壁了。

They seem, too, to be made in their relation to the globes on the altar.

这些地理圈似乎对应着祭坛上的球体。

The pavement of the temple is bright with precious stones.

神殿的地面镶嵌着宝石，闪闪发光。

Its seven golden lamps hang always burning, and these bear the names of the seven planets.

神殿中挂着永远点燃着的七盏金灯，这些灯以七颗行星为名。

At the top of the building several small and beautiful cells surround the small dome, and behind the level space above the bands or arches of the exterior and interior columns there are many cells, both small and large, where the priests and religious officers dwell to the number of forty-nine.

在神殿上面的小圆顶周围，筑有几间小巧美观的小房，而在内外圆柱支撑过道或拱架旁边，修建有许多大小不一的房子，供四十九名司祭和苦行者居住。

A revolving flag projects from the smaller dome, and this shows in what quarter the wind is.

在小圆屋顶上矗立着一个旋转的风向标，能指示出风向。

The flag is marked with figures up to thirty-six, and the priests know what sort of year the different kinds of winds bring and what will be the changes of weather on land and sea.

风向标上有多达三十六种的风向标记；祭司们就能判读不同的风带来什么样的年份，以及陆地和海洋都有什么样的变化。

Furthermore, under the flag a book is always kept written with letters of gold.

此外，在风向标的下面，存放着一本用金字写的记录卷。

G.M. I pray you, worthy hero, explain to me their whole system of government; for I am anxious to hear it.

大头领：我请求您，了不起的英雄，请给我讲讲这个城的管理制度吧。我对这个特别感兴趣。

Capt. The great ruler among them is a priest whom they call by the name Hoh, though we should call him Metaphysic.

船长：他们的最高统治者是一位司祭，他们称他为“太阳”，而用我们的话则应该称他为“形而上学者”。

He is head over all, in temporal and spiritual matters, and all business and lawsuits are settled by him, as the supreme authority.

他是世俗和宗教界的首脑，作为最高权威，所有的问题和争端都要由他作最后的裁决。

Three princes of equal power — viz., Pon, Sin, and Mor — assist him, and these in our tongue we should call Power, Wisdom, and Love.

在他的下面，有三位权力相等的领导人辅佐他。他们分别是“篷”、“信”、“摩尔”，在我们的语言中，他们分别称为“威力”、“智慧”和“爱”。

To Power belongs the care of all matters relating to war and peace.

“威力”负责掌管与和平与战争相关的一切事务。

He attends to the military arts, and, next to Hoh, he is ruler in every affair of a warlike nature.

他致力于军事艺术，是战时的最高统帅，权力仅次于“太阳”。

He governs the military magistrates and the soldiers, and has the management of the munitions, the fortifications, the storming of places, the implements of war, the armories, the smiths and workmen connected with matters of this sort.

他领导军事官员和士兵，负责军需品的供应，防御工事的建设，抵御外来侵袭，发动战争，制造军械，管理与军事战争事务相关的工匠及其服务人员。

But Wisdom is the ruler of the liberal arts, of mechanics, of all sciences with their magistrates and doctors, and of the discipline of the schools.

“智慧”管理自由艺术部门、手工业部门和各个科学部门及其职员、科学家，也管理学校教育。

As many doctors as there are, are under his control.

职员不计其数，但都接受他的管理。

There is one doctor who is called Astrologus; a second, Cosmographus; a third, Arithmeticus; a fourth, Geometra; a fifth, Historiographus; a sixth, Poeta; a seventh, Logicus; an eighth, Rhetor; a ninth, Grammaticus; a tenth, Medicus; an eleventh, Physiologus; a twelfth, Politicus; a thirteenth, Moralis.

这些职员有占星家、星源学家、数学家、地理学家、历史学家、诗人、逻辑学家、修辞学家、文法学家、医生、物理学家、政治家和道德学家。

They have but one book, which they call Wisdom, and in it all the sciences are written with conciseness and marvellous fluency of expression.

他们有一部名为《智慧》的书，扼要而流畅地记述了各门科学的常识。

This they read to the people after the custom of the Pythagoreans.

他们按毕达哥拉斯派的仪式，向人民宣讲这部书。

It is Wisdom who causes the exterior and interior, the higher and lower walls of the city to be adorned with the finest pictures, and to have all the sciences painted upon them in an admirable manner.

正是按照《智慧》的要求，他们在内外城墙的里里外外和上上下下都悬挂上了华丽的图表，并按各科学之间的严整逻辑进行排列。

On the walls of the temple and on the dome, which is let down when the priest gives an address, lest the sounds of his voice, being scattered, should fly away from his audience, there are pictures of stars in their different magnitudes, with the powers and motions of each, expressed separately in three little verses.

在神殿的外墙以及为了使司祭讲道的声音不致分散能让听众听到而建造的穹顶上，画着各种大小不一的星辰，并在每颗星下题有三行诗，来说明它的力量和运行情况。

On the interior wall of the first circuit all the mathematical figures are conspicuously painted — figures more in number than Archimedes or Euclid discovered, marked symmetrically, and with the explanation of them neatly written and contained each in a little verse.

第一个城区的内墙上画着各种数学公式的图表，超级显眼——而且数量比昔日阿基米德和欧几里德所发现的还要多，图表的大小比例超级匀称，而且在每个图表都有一首诗对其进行相应的说明。

There are definitions and propositions, etc.

还有一些定义和定理等。

On the exterior convex wall is first an immense drawing of the whole earth, given at one view.

在这道城墙外边的拐弯处，第一是一副全球的大地图，一目了然。

Following upon this, there are tablets setting forth for every separate country the customs both public and private, the laws, the origins and the power of the inhabitants; and the alphabets the different people use can be seen above that of the City of the Sun.

接下来，是各个单独地区的地图，对于这些地区的风俗、法律和习惯，以及居民的起源和他们的力量都有散文作简短的说明；在“太阳城”的字母表上，也画着所有不同地区所使用的字母表。

On the inside of the second circuit, that is to say of the second ring of buildings, paintings of all kinds of precious and common stones, of minerals and metals, are seen; and a little piece of the metal itself is also there with an apposite explanation in two small verses for each metal or stone.

在第二个城区的城墙里边，或者说在第二排建筑物的里边，可以看到各种普通的石头或宝石，以及各种矿产和金属的图画；同时，每一种金属或矿石都有一小块标本陈列在那里，下面用两行诗加以解说。

On the outside are marked all the seas, rivers, lakes, and streams which are on the face of the earth; as are also the wines and the oils and the different liquids, with the sources from which the last are extracted, their qualities and strength.

在城墙的外边，画着海洋、河流，湖泊、泉水等存在于地球表面上的所有东西；也画着酒、油和各种液体的东西，并标明它们的产地、性质和特性。

There are also vessels built into the wall above the arches, and these are full of liquids from one to 300 years old, which cure all diseases.

在拱架上方的城墙里，修建有盛装液体的器皿，里面装满了保存了一百至三百年的液体，可以用来治各种疾病。

Hail and snow, storms and thunder, and whatever else takes place in the air, are represented with suitable figures and little verses.

墙上还画着雪、雹、雷电以及天空的各种现象，也都有相应的数字、诗句加以说明。

The inhabitants even have the art of representing in stone all the phenomena of the air, such as the wind, rain, thunder, the rainbow, etc.

人们甚至还拥有在石头上展现空中的所有现象，如风、雨、雷、彩虹等等的艺术能力。

On the interior of the third circuit all the different families of trees and herbs are depicted, and there is a live specimen of each plant in earthenware vessels placed upon the outer partition of the arches.

在第三个城区的城墙内侧上，画着各种花草树木；每一种植物都有一份标本，种植在瓦盆里，摆在城墙拱架向外突出的部分上。

With the specimens there are explanations as to where they were first found, what are their powers and natures, and resemblances to celestial things and to metals, to parts of the human body and to things in the sea, and also as to their uses in medicine, etc.

这些标本还标明了它们原来的产地，它们具有什么效力和性质，并对它们与天空的现象，与金属中、人体中以及海洋中发生的现象相类似进行了说明，并说明了它们在医药上的用途，等等。

On the exterior wall are all the races of fish found in rivers, lakes, and seas, and their habits and values, and ways of breeding, training, and living, the purposes for which they exist in the world, and their uses to man.

在这道城墙的外侧，还画着在江河湖海里生活的各种鱼类，每种鱼的习性和价值，如何繁殖、培养、饲养，以及它们对世界和对我们的用处都有说明。

Further, their resemblances to celestial and terrestrial things, produced both by nature and art, are so given that I was astonished when I saw a fish which was like a bishop, one like a chain, another like a garment, a fourth like a nail, a fifth like a star, and others like images of those things existing among us, the relation in each case being completely manifest.

此外，它们与天然的或人工制造的天上和地面上的各种东西的类似，都让我不禁大为惊奇。例如，我发现有主教鱼、链条鱼、铠甲鱼、钉子鱼、星星鱼，以及其他我们周围已有事务一模一样的图像。每一个这些对应事之间的联系都有完整的展示。

There are sea-urchins to be seen, and the purple shell-fish and mussels; and whatever the watery world possesses worthy of being known is there fully shown in marvellous characters of painting and drawing.

还可以看到各种海胆、蜗牛，牡蛎，等等。水生世界里一切值得研究的东西都有醒目的图形进行充分的展示、说明。

On the fourth interior wall all the different kinds of birds are painted, with their natures, sizes, customs, colors, manner of living, etc.; and the only real phoenix is possessed by the inhabitants of this city.

在第四个城区的内墙上，画着各种鸟类，并标明它们的性质、大小、习性、颜色和生活方式等。太阳城居民还拥有唯一一只真正的凤凰。

On the exterior are shown all the races of creeping animals, serpents, dragons, and worms; the insects, the flies, gnats, beetles, etc., in their different states, strength, venoms, and uses, and a great deal more than you or I can think of.

在城墙的外边，画着各种爬行动物，蛇、龙、蠕虫；也画着各种昆虫，苍蝇、蚊子、牛虻和甲虫等。它们的特性各异，力量、毒性以及用途也得大相径庭。数量远超我们的想象。

On the fifth interior they have all the larger animals of the earth, as many in number as would astonish you.

第五个城区的城墙里边画着比较大型的地上动物，它们的种类多得惊人。

We indeed know not the thousandth part of them, for on the exterior wall also a great many of immense size are also portrayed.

我们所认识的，还不到其中的千分之一。它们的数目是这样多，规模是这样大，以致不得不把它们画到墙外。

To be sure, of horses alone, how great a number of breeds there is and how beautiful are the forms there cleverly displayed!

单就马类来说，种类就如此之多，它们的形态被描画得如此美妙！

On the sixth interior are painted all the mechanical arts, with the several instruments for each and their manner of use among different nations.

第六个城区的城墙里边画着各种手工业及相应的工具，以及各国人民使用工具的情形。

Alongside, the dignity of such is placed, and their several inventors are named.

此外，相应的名人以及各种工具的发明者的肖像也都有呈现。

But on the exterior all the inventors in science, in warfare, and in law are represented.

而在墙外侧面上，则画着各类科学、武器的发明者以及某些立法者。

There I saw Moses, Osiris, Jupiter, Mercury, Lycurgus, Pompilius, Pythagoras, Zamolxis, Solon, Charondas, Phoroneus, with very many others.

在那里，我看到了摩西、奥西里斯、丘必特、莫考莱、李库尔赫、庞皮利、毕达哥拉斯、扎莫尔克西、棱伦、卡隆达斯、甫洛纽斯及其他许多人的画像。

They even have Mahomet, whom nevertheless they hate as a false and sordid legislator.

他们甚至也画有穆罕默德的像，但是太阳城的人民看不起他，认为他是一个荒谬的和微不足道的立法者。

In the most dignified position I saw a representation of Jesus Christ and of the twelve Apostles, whom they consider very worthy and hold to be great.

在最值得尊崇的人物画像中，我看到了耶稣和十二使徒，太阳城的人民对其极为敬慕，并看作是伟人。

Of the representations of men, I perceived Caesar, Alexander, Pyrrhus, and Hannibal in the highest place; and other very renowned heroes in peace and war, especially Roman heroes, were painted in lower positions, under the galleries.

在人物画像中，我看到凯撒、亚历山大、皮洛士、汉尼拔等画在高位上，其他一些在战争中和从事和平事业的杰出人物的画像，尤其是古罗马人，画在墙的下部、柱廊下面。

And when I asked with astonishment whence they had obtained our history, they told me that among them there was a knowledge of all languages, and that by perseverance they continually send explorers and ambassadors over the whole earth, who learn thoroughly the customs, forces, rule and histories of the nations, bad and good alike.

当时，我很惊奇地问，他们是从何处了解到我们的历史？我被告知，原来他们精通各种语言知识，他们常常派出自己的探索员和使者到世界各国，去了全面解各国的风俗习惯、实力、政治制度和历史，无论这些东西是好是坏。

These they apply all to their own republic, and with this they are well pleased.

他们把这些应用到自己的国家，并且对所有这一切特别满意。

I learned that cannon and typography were invented by the Chinese before we knew of them.

我也了解到，原来中国人早在我们以前就发明了以石球为弹的大炮和印刷术。

There are magistrates who announce the meaning of the pictures, and boys are accustomed to learn all the sciences, without toil and as if for pleasure; but in the way of history only until they are ten years old.

太阳城有许多教师负责讲授这些绘画的意义。因此，儿童们在十岁前就能毫不费力地掌握各种科学的基本知识，似乎还很愉悦。

Love is foremost in attending to the charge of the race.

“爱”第一掌管有关生育的事务。

He sees that men and women are so joined together, that they bring forth the best offspring.

他监督两性的结合，以便使后代成为最优秀的人物。

Indeed, they laugh at us who exhibit a studious care for our breed of horses and dogs, but neglect the breeding of human beings.

实际上，他们嘲笑我们对于马种和犬种的改良特别重点关注，而对于人种的改良却不重点关注。

Thus the education of the children is under his rule.

他也管理对儿童的教育。

So also is the medicine that is sold, the sowing and collecting of fruits of the earth and of trees, agriculture, pasturage, the preparations for the months, the cooking arrangements, and whatever has any reference to food, clothing, and the intercourse of the sexes.

医疗制药、播种、收割庄稼和收获水果、农业、畜牧业、时令、伙食等，以及任何关于衣、食以及性关系的工作，都由“爱”来掌管。

Love himself is ruler, but there are many male and female magistrates dedicated to these arts.

“爱”自己掌管一切，但许多男女教师致力于这一切工作。

Metaphysic, then, with these three rulers, manages all the above-named matters, and even by himself alone nothing is done; all business is discharged by the four together, but in whatever Metaphysic inclines to the rest are sure to agree.

有了这三位领导者，“形而上学者”主持太阳城的一切工作。一切工作也不是他自己一个人就能决定的。他们的共和国的一切事务，都要由这四个人来讨论，但“形而上学者”的意见，其余三人必须遵从。

G.M. Tell me, please, of the magistrates, their services and duties, of the education and mode of living, whether the government is a monarchy, a republic, or an aristocracy.

大头领：请您讲一讲这个国家有哪些公职？居民的义务、教育，以及他们的生活方式。这个国家是君主政体，共和政体还是贵族政体？

Capt. This race of men came there from India, flying from the sword of the Magi, a race of plunderers and tyrants who laid waste their country, and they determined to lead a philosophic life in fellowship with one another.

船长：这个民族来自印度，他们是在祖国遭受美吉人（一群掠夺者和暴徒）的破坏后逃出来的，因此他们决定过一种理性的公社生活。

Although the community of wives is not instituted among the other inhabitants of their province, among them it is in use after this manner:

虽然生活在他们这个地区的其他居民中并未规定公妻制度，但太阳城的居民却在一切公有的基础上采用这种制度。

All things are common with them, and their dispensation is by the authority of the magistrates.

一切产品和财富都是大家属于大家共有，且由公职人员来进行分配。

Arts and honors and pleasures are common, and are held in such a manner that no one can appropriate anything to himself.

由于所有人都拥有知识和荣誉，过着的幸福生活，所以谁也不会把任何东西攫为己有。

They say that all private property is acquired and improved for the reason that each one of us by himself has his own home and wife and children.

他们认为，财产私有制之所以能形成和保持下来，是由于我们每个人都有自己单独的住房，自己的妻子和儿女。

From this, self-love springs.

自私自利便由此产生。

For when we raise a son to riches and dignities, and leave an heir to much wealth, we become either ready to grasp at the property of the State, if in any case fear should be removed from the power which belongs to riches and rank; or avaricious, crafty, and hypocritical, if anyone is of slender purse, little strength, and mean ancestry.

由于当我们都想使自己的儿子得到财富和地位，都想把大批的遗产留给自己的后代；我们当中的每个人为了想成为富人或显贵，总是不顾一切地掠夺国家的财产；而在他还没有势力和财产的时候，还没有成为显贵的时候，都是吝啬鬼、叛徒和伪君子。

But when we have taken away self-love, there remains only love for the State.

但是，如果我们能摆脱自私自利，我们就会热爱公社了。

G.M. Under such circumstances no one will be willing to labor, while he expects others to work, on the fruit of whose labors he can live, as Aristotle argues against Plato.

大头领：在这种情形下，就没有人愿意劳动了，每个人都期待着其他人去劳动，想靠别人的劳动成果来生活，就如同亚里士多德曾反驳过柏拉图的那样。

Capt. I do not know how to deal with that argument, but I declare to you that they burn with so great a love for their fatherland, as I could scarcely have believed possible; and indeed with much more than the histories tell us belonged to the Romans, who fell willingly for their country, inasmuch as they have to a greater extent surrendered their private property.

船长：我不知道该怎么与您争辩，但我可以使您深信的是，他们令人难以想象地热爱自己的国家，这一点我几乎认为不可能，而且比我们从历史上所知的罗马人甘愿为祖国牺牲生命更为热烈，因此而放弃了自己的私有财产。

I think truly that the friars and monks and clergy of our country, if they were not weakened by love for their kindred and friends or by the ambition to rise to higher dignities, would be less fond of property, and more imbued with a spirit of charity toward all, as it was in the time of the apostles, and is now in a great many cases.

我深信，如果我们的法师、僧侣和教士不溺于对亲人和朋友的私爱，不一门心思想要获得更大的权势，就会不那么喜爱财产，将更乐善好施面向所有人。这正如耶稣门徒时代，目前这样的例子也许多。

G.M. St. Augustine may say that, but I say that among this race of men, friendship is worth nothing, since they have not the chance of conferring mutual benefits on one another.

大头领：圣奥古斯丁好像这么说过的，但是我认为，既然在他们之间不可能有互助关系，那么在这种人之间就不会有什么友谊了。

Capt. Nay, indeed. For it is worth the trouble to see that no one can receive gifts from another.

船长：实际上，不。确保相互之间不收受礼物是值得的。

Whatever is necessary they have, they receive it from the community, and the magistrate takes care that no one receives more than he deserves.

对于必需品而言，他们可以从公社领取，有公职人员监督确保不会有人多领取。

Yet nothing necessary is denied to anyone.

而不需要的东西任何人都无法获得。

Friendship is recognized among them in war, in infirmity, in the art contests, by which means they aid one another mutually by teaching.

他们之间的友谊是在战场上、病患中、技艺比赛中建立起来的，他们相互协助、相互学习。

Sometimes they improve themselves mutually with praises, with conversation, with actions, and out of the things they need.

有时，他们通过相互肯定、对话、行动来提升自我，从他们所需之物中成长。

All those of the same age call one another brothers.

一切同岁的人彼此称为兄弟。

They call all over twenty-two years of age, fathers; those that are less than twenty-two are named sons.

他们称二十二岁以上的人为父亲，二十二岁以下的人为儿子。

Moreover, the magistrates govern well, so that no one in the fraternity can do injury to another.

此外，有公职人员周密的管理，在这个集体中谁也不能欺负别人。

G.M. And how?

大头领：他们怎么管理？

Capt. As many names of virtues as there are among us, so many magistrates there are among them.

船长：太阳城的公职职务如此之多，正如我们所有的美德的名目一样多。

There is a magistrate who is named Magnanimity, another Fortitude, a third Chastity, a fourth Liberality, a fifth Criminal and Civil Justice, a sixth Comfort, a seventh Truth, an eighth Kindness, a tenth Gratitude, an eleventh Cheerfulness, a twelfth Exercise, a thirteenth Sobriety, etc.

每种职务都附有一种美德的名称，如宽大、勇敢、纯洁、慷慨、刑事的公正裁判、民事的公正裁判、热心、诚实、慈善、殷勤、朝气、节制、清醒等等。

They are elected to duties of that kind, each one to that duty for excellence in which he is known from boyhood to be most suitable.

凡是从童年起在学校中被公认为最适合于担任某种职务的人，后来就挑选他担任类似的职务。

Wherefore among them neither robbery nor clever murders, nor lewdness, incest, adultery, or other crimes of which we accuse one another, can be found.

在他们中间，不会碰到抢劫、杀人、猥亵、乱伦和通奸，以及我们的人民常犯的其他罪行。

They accuse themselves of ingratitude and malignity when anyone denies a lawful satisfaction to another of indolence, of sadness, of anger, of scurrility, of slander, and of lying, which curseful thing they thoroughly hate.

他们对于忘恩负义、仇恨、彼此不尊重、懒惰、沮丧、狂暴、粗鄙行为、毁谤和撒谎都超级憎恨，并加以谴责。

Accused persons undergoing punishment are deprived of the common table, and other honors, until the judge thinks that they agree with their correction.

被告在接受处罚期间，被剥夺了常见的表和其他的荣誉，直到法官认为他们已经改正。

G.M. Tell me the manner in which the magistrates are chosen.

大头领：请给我讲一讲他们怎样选举负责人员。

Capt. You would not rightly understand this, unless you first learned their manner of living.

船长：为了使您能清楚地理解这一点，必须先介绍一下他们的生活方式。

That you may know, then, men and women wear the same kind of garment, suited for war.

第一，您必须知道的是，他们的服装几乎是男女一样，适于战斗。

The women wear the toga below the knee, but the men above; and both sexes are instructed in all the arts together.

女子的长袍长到了膝盖以下，而男子的长袍，为了便于作战，所以只到膝盖上方。无论男女，都在一起共同学习训练。

When this has been done as a start, and before their third year, the boys learn the language and the alphabet on the walls by walking round them.

太阳城的人在三岁前就在房屋墙壁的周围游玩时，就学会了语言和墙上的字母。

They have four leaders, and four elders, the first to direct them, the second to teach them, and these are men approved beyond all others.

他们有四位领导、四位老人，分别负责管理和教导他们。这些负责管理和教导的人得到了所有人的认可。

After some time they exercise themselves with gymnastics, running, quoits, and other games, by means of which all their muscles are strengthened alike.

稍大后来，他们就开始通过体操、跑步、掷铁饼和其他游戏，来均衡锻炼发展四肢。

Their feet are always bare, and so are their heads as far as the seventh ring.

在七个城区内，他们常常光着头、赤着脚行走。

Afterward they lead them to the offices of the trades, such as shoemaking, cooking, metal-working, carpentry, painting, etc.

再往后，他们被送到一些作坊去学着当鞋匠、厨师、铁匠、木匠和画师，等等。

In order to find out the bent of the genius of each one, after their seventh year, when they have already gone through the mathematics on the walls, they take them to the readings of all the sciences; there are four lectures at each reading, and in the course of four hours the four in their order explain everything.

为了挖掘每个人的天分所在，在他们七岁之后，在他们根据墙上的字画学完初等数学后来，就让他们去听各门自然科学的课。每门课程以四个小时为限，由有四位讲师轮流教授。

For some take physical exercise or busy themselves with public services or functions, others apply themselves to reading.

一部分人在进行体育锻炼或履行公职时，另外一部分人则专心地听课。

Leaving these studies all are devoted to the more abstruse subjects, to mathematics, to medicine, and to other sciences.

在这之后，所有人都开始研究比较抽象的学科：数学、医学和其他学术。

There are continual debate and studied argument among them, and after a time they become magistrates of those sciences or mechanical arts in which they are the most proficient; for everyone follows the opinion of his leader and judge, and goes out to the plains to the works of the field, and for the purpose of becoming acquainted with the pasturage of the dumb animals.

他们常常举行热烈的讨论或辩论，而之后他们将根据自己的专长在相应科学或手工业部门中获得职务。由于每个人都有自己首领式的领导人指导工作，有时也被派到田野和畜牧场去观察和学习农业和畜牧业。

And they consider him the more noble and renowned who has dedicated himself to the study of the most arts and knows how to practise them wisely.

凡是精通技艺和手艺的人，凡是能很熟练地应用它们的人就会最受人重点关注和尊敬。

Wherefore they laugh at us in that we consider our workmen ignoble, and hold those to be noble who have mastered no pursuit, but live in ease and are so many slaves given over to their own pleasure and lasciviousness; and thus, as it were, from a school of vices so many idle and wicked fellows go forth for the ruin of the State.

所以，他们嘲笑我们鄙视工匠，嘲笑我们去尊崇那些没有追求、游手好闲、役使大批奴仆过寄生和腐化生活的人。结果，这样的社会就好像一所培养罪恶的学校，培养出如此多懒汉和恶棍，以致使国家濒于灭亡。

The rest of the officials, however, are chosen by the four chiefs, Hoh, Pon, Sin and Mor, and by the teachers of that art over which they are fit to preside.

其他的负责人员由四个主要统治者，即“太阳”、“威力”、“智慧”和“爱”，以及主管相应科学、部门的领导人选拔。

And these teachers know well who is most suited for rule.

由于他们很了解谁最适合做领导。

Certain men are proposed by the magistrates in council, they themselves not seeking to become candidates, and he opposes who knows anything against those brought forward for election, or, if not, speaks in favor of them.

议事会中的公职人员负责向大会提名候选人，但他们本身不能成为候选人；在议事会上，每个人都可以根据自己所了解的情况，对某位人选表明赞成或反对。