在英语中,make/let/have做使役动词时都表明“让/使”,初学者很容易混淆。实则只要掌握它们的“用法公式”,就能快速区分。接下来,我们从关键语义、用法公式和例句三方面,学习它们的区别及用法。
一、【强制】Make:“迫使/让”,无选择余地
关键语义:主语通过强制、命令或客观情况,让某人做某事,对方一般没有自主选择的空间。
用法公式:
1. 主动语态:make + sb. + do(绝对不加 to)
2. 被动语态:sb. + be made + to do(必须加 to,是三者中唯一有被动的)
例句:
主动:The teacher makes us do homework first.(老师让我们先写作业。)
被动:We are made to do homework first by the teacher.(我们被老师要求先写作业。)
二、【中性】Let:“允许/让”,有自主性
关键语义:主语温和地“允许、许可”某人做某事,对方有必定的自主选择权利,语气最轻松。
用法公式:
仅主动语态:let + sb. + do(不加 to,且无被动语态)
常见固定搭配:let sb. do sth.(允许某人做某事)、let sb. in/out(让某人进/出)
例句:
My dad lets me do sports after dinner.(爸爸允许我晚饭后做运动。)
Don’t let her do the work alone.(别让她一个人做这份工作。)
三、【宽松】Have:“让/请”,含“安排/委托”
关键语言:表明主语“安排某人做某事”或“请别人做某事”,语气中性,常隐含“主语提出请求”或“支付报酬”的语境。
用法公式:
两种主动结构(无被动语态,需被动时用 get 取代,如 get sth. done):
1. have + sb. + do(主语直接让某人做,侧重“命令/安排”)
2. have + sth. + done(主语让他人做某事,某物是动作的承受者)
例句:
结构1:I have my friend do the shopping for me.(我让朋友帮我买东西。)
结构2:He has his bike repaired.(他让人修了自行车。)(= 委托别人修自行车,自行车是“被修”的对象)
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一、【巩固练习】
1. The teacher’s words made the shy student speak in front of the class.(老师的话让害羞的学生在全班面前发言——含强制,用make)
2. Our parents usually let us choose our own hobbies.(父母一般允许我们选择自己的爱好——中性允许,用let)
3. She had a tailor make a new dress for her birthday.(她请裁缝为生日做了一条新裙子——宽松委托,用have)
4. The bad weather made us cancel the outdoor picnic.(坏天气迫使我们撤销了户外野餐——客观强制,用make)
5. My roommate let me use her umbrella when it rained.(下雨时,室友让我用她的伞——中性允许,用let)
6. He had his car washed before the family trip.(家庭旅行前,他让人洗了车——委托做事,用have)
7. The company rules made all employees wear uniforms.(公司规定让所有员工穿制服——规则强制,用make)
8. The library lets readers borrow up to 5 books at a time.(图书馆允许读者一次借5本书——中性规定,用let)
9. We had our friend help us move to the new apartment.(我们请朋友帮我们搬到新公寓——宽松请求,用have)
10. The loud noise made the baby stop sleeping.(巨大的噪音让宝宝停止了睡觉——客观强制,用make)
二、【专项测试】(答案附后)
请根据语境,选择make/let/have填空,必要时调整动词形式。
1. The boss always ______ his employees work overtime on Fridays.(老板总让员工周五加班——含强制)
2. Will you ______ me borrow your notebook for a minute?(你能让我借你的笔记本用一下吗——宽松请求)
3. The heavy rain ______ the sports meeting be put off.(大雨迫使运动会推迟——客观强制)
4. My grandma never ______ us eat too much candy.(奶奶从不让我们吃太多糖——中性禁止/允许的否定)
5. They ______ a professional photographer take photos at their wedding.(他们请专业摄影师在婚礼上拍照——宽松委托)
6. The little girl ______ her doll be washed by her mom yesterday.(昨天小女孩让妈妈洗了她的玩偶——委托做事,被动含义用have sth. done)
7. The school doesn’t ______ students bring mobile phones into classrooms.(学校不允许学生带手机进教室——中性规定的否定)
8. His parents ______ him be interested in playing the piano when he was young.(他小时候,父母让他对弹钢琴产生了兴趣——此处无强制,用have更合适)
9. The traffic jam ______ me arrive late for the meeting this morning.(今早堵车让我开会迟到了——客观强制)
10. She ______ her hair cut short last weekend because it was too hot.(上周末由于太热,她让人把头发剪短了——委托做事,用have sth. done)
附:标准答案及解答
1. makes(主语the boss是第三人称单数,一般目前时,强制意味用make)
2. let(will后接动词原形,宽松请求用let)
3. made(“大雨推迟运动会”是过去发生的事,用一般过去时,强制意味用make)
4. lets(主语my grandma是第三人称单数,一般目前时,中性语气用let)
5. had(“婚礼拍照”是过去的事,用一般过去时,宽松委托用have)
6. had(yesterday提示一般过去时,“让妈妈洗玩偶”是have sth. done结构,用had)
7. let(doesn’t后接动词原形,中性规定用let)
8. had(when he was young提示一般过去时,无强制,用have)
9. made(this morning提示一般过去时,客观强制用make)
10. had(last weekend提示一般过去时,“剪头发”是have sth. done结构,用had)















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