高中英语语法系列-什么是数词? Numeral

四、数词 Numeral

一、基数词 Cardinal Numeral
  1)基数词写法和读法:

one two three four five six seven eitht nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty sixty senventy eithty ninety hundred thousand million billion

345 three hundred and forty-five;
  2)基数词一般是单数形式,具体数目+单数。如:two thousand, seven thousand 但下列情况,常用复数:
   a. 表明不确的数目hundred thousand million billion后加s与of 短语连用,如:thousands of ;millions of 表明概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
   b. 在一些表明”一排”或”一组”的词组里;
  如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
   c. 表明”几十岁”;
   d. 表明”年代”,用 in +the +数词复数;
   e. 在乘法运算的一种表明法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
 二、序数词 Ordinal Numeral
  序数词的缩写形式: first—1st second—2 third-3rd fourth-4th fifth-5th sixth-6th seventh-7th eithth-8th ninth-9th tenth 10th eleventh-11th twelfth-12th thirteenth-13 fourteenth-14th fifteenth-15th sixteenth-16th seventeenth-17th eithteenth-18th nineteenth-19th twentieth 20th thirtieth 30th thirty-first—31st 

第四到十九基数词后加th构成。

十位数的序数词由相应的基数词变y为I 加eth构成。

第二十一到九十九等,前面的十位数用基数词,后面的个位数用序数词,中间用连字符“一”连接。

第一百 一千 一百万分别在相应的基数词后面加th.

序数词之前一般要加定冠词或代词。如:Sunday is the first day of the week.He is my first teacher.

有时,序数词前用不定冠词,表明再一,又一“的意思。如:Then he tried a second time.
 三、 数词的用法
  1)倍数表明法
   a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
    I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
   b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…
    The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
   c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
   The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
   今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
   d. 还可以用by+倍数,表明增加多少倍
   The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
   今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
  2)分数表明法
  构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:
  1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths

四.年月日的表达法,先月后日,把年代放在最后,用逗号隔开。1949,10,1读作:October first nineteen fourty-nine

时刻的表达法:1,按顺序读,用基数词。如:7:30 seven thirty 8:15 eitht fifteen 12:48 twelve forty-eitht.

2.用介词past,past之前为分钟数(须在半小时以内,包括半小时)past之后为钟点数。Eg:6:11: eleven past six 7:15 :fifteen(a quarter) past seven 9:3o: thirty (half) past nine

3.用介词to,to前为分钟数(须在半小时以上,不包括半小时)to之后为下一个钟点数,表明“差几分到几点”。如:7:15 fifteen(a quarter) to eitht 11:36 twenty-six to twelve

口诀:半小时及以内用past,分在前,点在后,中间past;——几点过几分

半小时后来用to,分在前(分用60减),点在后(点加上1),用to来连接——差几分到几点。

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